I have a Windows Server 2012 box I can test this on if you think that will help answer this question. I can load the software on a VM as well and configure it if you have specific configuration questions.
After doing some testing with Realm Works on a Windows Server 2012 (Standard) box logged in with the Administrator account that was NOT a Domain Controller, nor did it have any Roles assigned to it, I can tell you the following:
RealmWorks 104 will install and run.
RealmWorks 107 will install and run.
RealmWorks 112 will install but will NOT run.
RealmWorks 113 will install but will NOT run.
RealmWorks 114 will install but will NOT run.
112, 113, and 114 all gave the same error (I had the system send an error report and entered my e-mail address): Object reference not set to an instance of on object. I can send error reports for each version, but suspect it is the same issue across all 3 versions.
The results were the same with and without Active Directory configured/installed.
Something that I found rather amusing: After running versions 104 and 107 (112, 113, and 114 failed to get past software start), Windows was able to tell me via system tray alert that there were new versions of the software available. When I clicked on the little bubble, it took me right to the beta download page in my default web browser.
I will also test Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise if I can find the time.